Studies
c.-à-d.
AbbreviationOfficialB2Meaning
c'est-à-dire
The abbreviation of c'est-à-dire, in a note or a parenthesis. It keeps both hyphens and takes two dots: c.-à-d. In a sentence, the connector is written in full.
How it is said
c'est-à-dire
Gender and article
no article
Where you meet it
A footnote, a table, a dictionary.
Example
Les majeurs (c.-à-d. les personnes de 18 ans et plus) votent.
Adults (i.e. people aged 18 and over) vote.
In the DELF
reading B2
Watch out
In a text message, the same thing is written « càd », without dots or hyphens: that is the texting spelling, not the exam one.
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